Layers Of The Atmosphere
Layers Of The Atmosphere
Layers Of The Atmosphere: Earth's atmosphere can be divided into five main layers. These layers are determined mainly by the fact that whether temperature increases or decreases with altitude. From highest to lowest, these layers are:
Exosphere: The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere extends from the exobase upwards. It is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. The particles are so far apart that they can travel hundreds of kilometres without colliding with one another. Since the particles rarely collide, the atmosphere no longer behaves like a fluid. These free-moving particles follow ballistic trajectories and may migrate into and out of the magnetosphere or the solar wind.
Thermosphere: Temperature increases with height in the thermosphere from the mesopause up to the thermopause; then remains constant with height. The temperature of this layer can rise up to 1,500 °C (2,730 °F), though the gas molecules are so far apart that temperature in the usual sense is not well defined. The International Space Station orbits in this layer, between 320 and 380 km (200 and 240 mi). The top of the thermosphere is the bottom of the exosphere, called the exobase. Its height varies with solar activity and ranges from about 350-800 km (220-500 mi; 1,100,000-2,600,000 ft).
Mesosphere: The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 8o-85 km (50-53 mi; 260,000-280,00o ft) upwards. It is the layer where most meteors burn up upon entering the atmosphere. Temperature decreases with height in the mesosphere. The top of the mesosphere is the coldest place on Earth and has an average temperature around -85 °C(-121 "F; 188.1 K). Due to the cold temperature of the mesosphere, water vapours get frozen, forming ice clouds (or Noctilucent clouds). A type of lightning referred to as either sprites or ELVES, form many miles above thunderclouds in the troposphere.
Stratosphere: The stratosphere extends from the tropopause to about 51 km (32 mi; 170,000 ft) upwards. Temperature increases with height, which restricts turbulence and mixing The stratopause, which is the boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere, typically is at 50 to 55 km (31 to 34 mi; 160,000 to 180,000. The pressure here is 1/1,000 sea level,
Troposphere: The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the atmosphere. It is the most important layer because almost all of the weather phenomena (e.g. fog, cloud, dew, frost, rainfall, hailstorm etc.) occur in this layer. Temperature decreases with increase in height at the rate of 6.5" per 1,00o m. This rate of decrease in temperature is called normal lapse rate. There is seasonal variation in the height of troposphere In height changes from equator towards the poles (decreases) and from one season of a year to another season (increases during summer and decreases during winter), The average height of troposphere is about 16 km over the equator and 6 km over the poles. The upper limit of the troposphere is called tropopause, whích is about 1.5 km thick.
Other layers: Within these major layers of the atmosphere, there are some minor layers:
The ozonosphere is the lower portion of the stratosphere having maximum concentration of ozone. It is confined between the height of 15 km to 35 km from sea level. About 90% of the ozone in our atmosphere is contained in the stratosphere.The ionosphere extends from 80 km to 640 km. There are a number of ionic layers (with increasing heights) in this sphere, e.g. D layer, E layer, F layer, and G layer. The ionosphere radiates signals of various frequencies of radio waves to the earth's surface. It is also responsible for auroras. On the basis of chemical composition, the atmosphere is divided into two broad zones viz.
(i) homosphere,
(ii) heterosphere.
Homosphere is the lower portion of atmosphere lying up to the height of 90 km from the sea level. Troposphere, Stratosphere and Mesosphere form the parts of this layer.
Heterosphere extends from 90 km to 10,000 km. There are four distinct layers of gases in this sphere with molecular nitrogen in the lowest portion, followed by oxygen layer and helium layer. Hydrogen layer is found at its top.The average temperature of the atmosphere at the surface of the Earth is 14°C (57°F).
Students / Parents Reviews [20]
My experience with Abhyas academy is very good. I did not think that my every subject coming here will be so strong. The main thing is that the online tests had made me learn here more things.
Hiya Gupta
8thMy experience was very good with Abhyas academy. I am studying here from 6th class and I am satisfied by its results in my life. I improved a lot here ahead of school syllabus.
Ayan Ghosh
8thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala cantt.The institute provides good and quality education to the students.The teachers are well experienced and are very helpful in solving the problems. The major advantages of the institute is extra classes for weak...
Shreya Shrivastava
8thMy experience with Abhyas Academy has been very good. When I was not in Abhyas whenever teacher ask questions I could not speak it confidently but when I came in Abhyas, my speaking skills developed and now I am the first one to give the answer of teachers question.
Upmanyu Sharma
7thAbhyas Methodology is very good. It is based on according to student and each child manages accordingly to its properly. Methodology has improved the abilities of students to shine them in future.
Manish Kumar
10thMy experience with Abhyas academy is very nice or it can be said wonderful. I have been studying here from seven class. I have been completing my journey of three years. I am tinking that I should join Abhyas Academy in tenth class as I am seeing much improvement in Maths and English
Hridey Preet
9thWhen I have not joined Abhyas Academy, my skills of solving maths problems were not clear. But, after joining it, my skills have been developed and my concepts of science and SST are very well. I also came to know about other subjects such as vedic maths and reasoning.
Sharandeep Singh
7thWe started with lot of hope that Abhyas will help in better understnding of complex topics of highers classes. we are not disappointed with the progress our child has made after attending Abhyas. Though need to mention that we expected a lot more. On a scale of 1-10, we would give may be 7.
Manya
8thA marvelous experience with Abhyas. I am glad to share that my ward has achieved more than enough at the Ambala ABHYAS centre. Years have passed on and more and more he has gained. May the centre flourish and develop day by day by the grace of God.
Archit Segal
7thBeing a parent, I saw my daughter improvement in her studies by seeing a good result in all day to day compititive exam TMO, NSO, IEO etc and as well as studies. I have got a fruitful result from my daughter.
Prisha Gupta
8thAbhyas academy is great place to learn. I have learnt a lot here they have finished my fear of not answering.It has created a habit of self studying in me.The teachers here are very supportive and helpful. Earlier my maths and science was good but now it has been much better than before.
Barkha Arora
10thAbout Abhyas metholodology the teachers are very nice and hardworking toward students.The Centre Head Mrs Anu Sethi is also a brilliant teacher.Abhyas has taught me how to overcome problems and has always taken my doubts and suppoeted me.
Shreya Shrivastava
8thAbhyas institute is one of the best coaching institute in the vicinity of Ambala Cantt area. The teachers of the institute are well experienced and very helpful in solving the problems of the students.The good thing of the institute is that it is providing extra classes for the students who are w...
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thAbhyas is an institute of high repute. Yogansh has taken admission last year. It creates abilities in child to prepare for competitive exams. Students are motivated by living prizes on basis of performance in Abhyas exams. He is satisfied with institute.
Yogansh Nyasi
7thAbhyas is a complete education Institute. Here extreme care is taken by teacher with the help of regular exam. Extra classes also conducted by the institute, if the student is weak.
Om Umang
10thMy experience with Abhyas is very good. I have learnt many things here like vedic maths and reasoning also. Teachers here first take our doubts and then there are assignments to verify our weak points.
Shivam Rana
7thUsually we see institutes offering objective based learning which usually causes a lag behind in subjective examinations which is the pattern followed by schools. I think it is really a work of planning to make us students grab the advantages of modes of examination, Objective Subjective and Onli...
Anika Saxena
8thThe experience was nice. I studied here for three years and saw a tremendous change in myself. I started liking subjects like English and SST which earlier I ran from. Extra knowledge gave me confidence to overcome competitive exams. One of the best institutes for secondary education.
Aman Kumar Shrivastava
10thIt was a good experience with Abhyas Academy. I even faced problems in starting but slowly and steadily overcomed. Especially reasoning classes helped me a lot.
Cheshta
10thIt was good as the experience because as we had come here we had been improved in a such envirnment created here.Extra is taught which is beneficial for future.
